Development and Validation of a Lightweight Physics-Based Indoor Cellular Propagation Simulator
This paper describes a lightweight indoor cellular signal simulator built from high school physics equations and ray tracing, applied to a university dormitory floor plan modeled in FreeCAD and Blender. Signal strength was measured at nine indoor and two outdoor locations and compared against the simulator and an electromagnetic simulator. The program achieved a mean absolute error of 6.57 dB, slightly better than the 7.78 dB of the reference simulator, and identified the two weakest measured locations among its three lowest estimates.